@memberjunction/network-utils

Low-level, server-side only network utilities for MemberJunction: an SSRF guard that stops the server being tricked into fetching internal addresses, and a dependency-free HTTP client built on Node’s native fetch. This package has no MemberJunction dependencies and no third-party dependencies — only node:dns and node:net — so it sits below everything else and any server-side package can use it without risking a cycle.

Installation

npm install @memberjunction/network-utils

No peer dependencies, no optional extras, no configuration. Node 18 or later, for native fetch.

Node only. This package imports node:dns and node:net and must never be pulled into a browser bundle. That constraint is precisely why the SSRF guard does not live in @memberjunction/global, which ships to the browser.

Overview

Two concerns live here, and they belong together.

The SSRF guard. Any server-side code that fetches a URL it did not hard-code is a read-SSRF risk. An attacker who can influence that URL — through an AI agent, an Action parameter, a workflow, or an API field — can make the server fetch an address only the server can reach, and read the response back. The cloud metadata endpoint (http://169.254.169.254/) is the classic target, because on an unhardened instance it hands out IAM credentials to anything that asks.

The HTTP client. MJ previously reached for axios in eleven packages. Replacing it with one native-fetch client removes a third-party dependency from the supply chain, and — more importantly — creates a single place every outbound request passes through. That is what makes the guard enforceable: it is one option flag (ValidateUrl) away at every call site, which is impossible when each package brings its own HTTP library.

flowchart TD
    subgraph Callers["Server-side callers"]
        Actions["Actions<br/>(agent-invokable)"]
        Providers["BizApps providers<br/>(fixed endpoints)"]
        Internal["MJServer / MetadataSync<br/>(may target internal hosts)"]
    end

    subgraph Pkg["@memberjunction/network-utils"]
        Client["HttpClient / HttpRequest<br/>native fetch"]
        Guard["SSRF guard<br/>AssertPublicUrl / SafeFetch"]
    end

    Public["Public internet"]
    Blocked["Private / reserved space<br/>169.254.169.254, 10/8, 127/8, ::1 …"]

    Actions -->|"ValidateUrl: true"| Client
    Providers -->|"fixed URL, guard off"| Client
    Internal -->|"internal URL, guard off"| Client

    Client -->|"when ValidateUrl"| Guard
    Guard -->|allowed| Public
    Guard -.->|"SSRFError"| Blocked

    style Guard fill:#2d6a4f,color:#fff
    style Blocked fill:#7f1d1d,color:#fff

Key Features

• Resolves before it trusts. Checks every A/AAAA record a hostname maps to, not just the first, closing the multi-record DNS bypass.
• Re-validates every redirect hop, closing the redirect bypass that defeats one-time hostname checks.
• Fails closed. An unparseable address, an unresolvable host, or an unrecognized scheme is rejected rather than passed through.
• Zero dependencies. node:dns and node:net only — nothing to audit, nothing to keep patched.
• A familiar HTTP client with BaseURL, default headers, timeouts, typed responses, and hooks that replace axios interceptors.
• Security errors are their own type. SSRFError never masquerades as a transport failure, so a blocked URL is never retried or counted as an outage.

Quick Start

Fetching a URL you control

import { HttpGet, HttpPost } from '@memberjunction/network-utils';

const response = await HttpGet<Payload>('https://api.example.com/things', {
    Query: { page: 1, tag: ['a', 'b'] },        // -> ?page=1&tag=a&tag=b
    Headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
    Timeout: 30000,
});

response.Data;      // parsed body, typed as Payload
response.Status;    // 200
response.Headers;   // lower-cased keys

await HttpPost('https://api.example.com/things', { name: 'Widget' });   // JSON-encoded

Fetching a URL someone else controls

import { SafeFetch, SSRFError } from '@memberjunction/network-utils';

try {
    const response = await SafeFetch(userSuppliedUrl);
    const html = await response.text();
} catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof SSRFError) {
        return { Success: false, ResultCode: 'SSRF_BLOCKED', Message: error.message };
    }
    throw error;
}

A configured client for one upstream API

import { HttpClient } from '@memberjunction/network-utils';

const client = new HttpClient({
    BaseURL: 'https://graph.facebook.com/v18.0',
    Timeout: 30000,
    Headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },

    OnRequest: (config) => ({                              // replaces a request interceptor
        ...config,
        Query: { ...config.Query, access_token: token },
    }),

    OnRetry: async (error) => {                            // replaces an error interceptor
        if (error.Status !== 429) return false;
        await sleep(60_000);
        return true;                                       // bounded by MaxRetries (default 3)
    },
});

const feed = await client.Get<Feed>('/me/feed');

Choosing an entry point

You have	Use	Why
A hard-coded provider URL, one call	HttpGet / HttpPost / …	Simplest thing that works
A hard-coded provider URL, many calls sharing auth	new HttpClient({ … })	Base URL, headers, and retry policy in one place
A URL from an agent, Action param, API caller, or stored data	SafeFetch	Guarded, and you get the raw Response
The same, but you want the body parsed for you	SafeHttpRequest	HttpRequest with ValidateUrl forced on
An address you already resolved	IsBlockedIPAddress	Pure, synchronous, no DNS
A URL to check but not fetch	AssertPublicUrl	Validation only

---

The SSRF guard

Why a scheme check is not enough

The obvious defence — “reject anything that isn’t http/https, and reject hostnames that look internal” — fails against three independent bypasses:

Bypass	What it looks like	Why a naive check misses it
Literal addresses in disguise	http://0x7f.1/, http://2130706433/, http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]/	All are loopback; none of them string-match 127.0.0.1
DNS with a private answer	http://evil.example.com/ resolving to 10.0.0.5	The hostname is a perfectly ordinary public name
Redirects	A public URL replying 302 Location: http://169.254.169.254/	The URL you validated is not the URL you end up fetching

A variation on the second — DNS rebinding — is subtler still: publish two A records, one public and one private, and let the resolver choose. Checking only the first address returned means the guard and the connection can disagree.

This package addresses all three: addresses are classified numerically after resolution rather than by string matching, every resolved address must be public, and every redirect hop is re-validated.

How SafeFetch works

sequenceDiagram
    participant C as Caller
    participant S as SafeFetch
    participant G as AssertPublicUrl
    participant D as node:dns
    participant U as Upstream

    C->>S: SafeFetch(url)
    loop each hop, up to MaxRedirects
        S->>G: validate(currentUrl)
        G->>G: parse + scheme check (http/https only)
        G->>D: lookup(host, { all: true })
        D-->>G: every A / AAAA record
        G->>G: classify EVERY address
        alt any address is private or reserved
            G-->>C: throw SSRFError
        end
        G-->>S: parsed URL
        S->>U: fetch(url, { redirect: 'manual' })
        U-->>S: response
        alt 3xx with Location
            S->>S: cancel body, resolve next hop
        else final response
            S-->>C: Response
        end
    end

Blocked ranges

IPv4

Range	What it is
0.0.0.0/8	”This” network / unspecified
10.0.0.0/8	Private (RFC 1918)
100.64.0.0/10	Carrier-grade NAT
127.0.0.0/8	Loopback
169.254.0.0/16	Link-local — includes 169.254.169.254, the cloud metadata endpoint
172.16.0.0/12	Private (RFC 1918)
192.0.0.0/24	IETF protocol assignments
192.0.2.0/24	TEST-NET-1
192.88.99.0/24	6to4 relay anycast
192.168.0.0/16	Private (RFC 1918)
198.18.0.0/15	Benchmarking
198.51.100.0/24	TEST-NET-2
203.0.113.0/24	TEST-NET-3
224.0.0.0/4	Multicast
240.0.0.0/4	Reserved, including the 255.255.255.255 broadcast address

IPv6

Range	What it is
::1	Loopback
::	Unspecified
fc00::/7	Unique local addresses
fe80::/10	Link-local
ff00::/8	Multicast
::ffff:a.b.c.d	IPv4-mapped — unwrapped, then run through the IPv4 rules
::a.b.c.d	IPv4-compatible — same treatment

What this does not protect against

Being straight about the limits matters more than the feature list:

• A TOCTOU rebinding race. There is an unavoidable gap between validating an address and connecting to it, during which DNS can change. Closing it entirely requires pinning the resolved address at the socket layer (a custom agent that dials the validated IP with the original Host header). This package validates; it does not pin. For most MJ threat models — an agent coaxed into fetching a URL — that residual risk is acceptable, but it is real, and it is the right next step if this guard ever fronts something highly sensitive.
• Write-SSRF side effects. The guard stops the server reaching private space. It does not reason about what a request does. A POST to a permitted public URL is still a POST.
• Data exfiltration to a public host. A public URL is allowed by design. If the risk you care about is data leaving, you want an allowlist, not a denylist.
• Anything you route around. Calling fetch directly, or leaving ValidateUrl off on a caller-controlled URL, bypasses all of this.

Why the guard defaults to off

ValidateUrl defaults to false on HttpRequest and HttpClient. That is deliberate, and worth understanding before you change it:

• Most MJ call sites talk to fixed, well-known provider endpoints (api.twitter.com, graph.facebook.com). Guarding those buys nothing and costs a DNS lookup per request.
• Some legitimately talk to internal hosts — MJServer posting to its own CodeGen API on localhost, MetadataSync resolving an @url: reference on a developer’s machine. Guarding those by default would break them.

So the rule is not “always on”, it is on wherever the URL is caller-controlled — anything reachable by an AI agent, an Action parameter, an API caller, or data those can write. SafeFetch and SafeHttpRequest have it on and cannot be turned off.

---

The HTTP client

Responses

Every request resolves to an HttpResponse<T>:

interface HttpResponse<T> {
    Data: T;                            // parsed per ResponseType
    Status: number;
    StatusText: string;
    Headers: Record<string, string>;    // keys are always lower-cased
    Url: string;                        // final URL, after redirects
    Ok: boolean;                        // Status is 2xx
}

Supply the type parameter at the call site so Data is typed rather than unknown:

const response = await HttpGet<{ items: Item[] }>(url);
response.Data.items;   // typed

Errors

Non-2xx responses throw HttpError — matching axios’s default — but with everything flattened onto the error rather than nested under a response property that may or may not exist:

try {
    await client.Get('/thing');
} catch (error) {
    if (!IsHttpError(error)) throw error;

    if (error.IsCancelled) return;            // the caller aborted; expected
    if (error.IsTimeout) { /* our Timeout elapsed */ }
    else if (error.Status === 404) { /* ... */ }
    else if (error.Status === 429) await backOff(error.Headers['retry-after']);
}

Status is 0 when the request never produced a response, so error.Status === 404 is always safe to write. Pass ThrowOnError: false to get the response back instead — the equivalent of axios’s validateStatus: () => true.

SSRFError is deliberately not an HttpError and is never wrapped in one, so a security decision can never be confused with an unreachable host, retried by a retry hook, or logged as an outage.

Request bodies

You pass	What happens
A plain object or array	JSON-encoded, Content-Type: application/json added unless you set one
URLSearchParams	Passed through; fetch sets application/x-www-form-urlencoded
FormData	Passed through; fetch sets multipart/form-data with the boundary
string, Blob, ArrayBuffer, typed arrays, ReadableStream	Passed through untouched
Anything, on GET/HEAD	Ignored — those methods take no body

Use the global WHATWG FormData and Blob, not the form-data npm package. The latter produces a Node stream that native fetch cannot consume, and its getHeaders() has no equivalent — fetch derives the multipart boundary itself.

Response types

ResponseType accepts json (default), text, arraybuffer, blob, stream, and none. The json reader is forgiving in two ways that match axios: an empty body yields null rather than throwing, and a body that is not valid JSON is returned as raw text rather than throwing — which keeps you working when a server mislabels its Content-Type.

Query strings

null and undefined entries are omitted entirely rather than becoming the strings "null"/"undefined"; arrays expand to repeated keys (?tag=a&tag=b); Date values render as ISO 8601.

Defaults

Option	Default
Method	GET
ResponseType	json (none for HEAD)
Timeout	30000 ms (0 disables)
ThrowOnError	true
ValidateUrl	false
MaxRedirects	5
MaxRetries (client)	3

---

Migrating from axios

The shape deliberately mirrors the parts of axios MJ actually used, so call sites port over mechanically.

axios	here
axios.get(url, { params, headers, timeout })	HttpGet(url, { Query, Headers, Timeout })
axios.post(url, body, config)	HttpPost(url, body, config)
axios.request({ url, method, data, params })	HttpRequest({ Url, Method, Body, Query })
axios.create({ baseURL, headers, timeout })	new HttpClient({ BaseURL, Headers, Timeout })
response.data / .status / .headers	response.Data / .Status / .Headers
axios.isAxiosError(e)	IsHttpError(e)
axios.isCancel(e)	IsCancellationError(e)
e.response?.status / e.response?.data	e.Status / e.Data (always present)
validateStatus: () => true	ThrowOnError: false
auth: { username, password }	BasicAuth: { Username, Password }
signal	Signal
responseType: 'arraybuffer'	ResponseType: 'arraybuffer'
transformRequest for form encoding	Pass a URLSearchParams body
interceptors.request.use(fn)	OnRequest
interceptors.response.use(onOk)	OnResponse
interceptors.response.use(_, onErr)	OnRetry

Interceptors become hooks

The one genuine difference. axios interceptors are entries appended to a mutable, instance-global chain; recovering from an error means re-issuing the request yourself. Here, the hooks are plain options — visible at the construction site, not modifiable from elsewhere — and retry is expressed as a boolean.

// Before — axios
instance.interceptors.response.use(
    (response) => response,
    async (error) => {
        if (error.response?.status === 429) {
            await sleep(60_000);
            return instance.request(error.config);   // you re-issue it
        }
        return Promise.reject(error);
    },
);

// After — network-utils
new HttpClient({
    OnRetry: async (error) => {
        if (error.Status !== 429) return false;
        await sleep(60_000);
        return true;                                  // the client re-issues it, bounded
    },
});

OnRequest runs again before each retry, so a token refreshed inside OnRetry is picked up automatically:

new HttpClient({
    OnRequest: (config) => ({
        ...config,
        Headers: { ...config.Headers, Authorization: `Bearer ${this.getAccessToken()}` },
    }),
    OnRetry: async (error) => {
        if (error.Status !== 401) return false;
        await this.refreshAccessToken();
        return true;                                  // next attempt gets the new token
    },
});

---

Testing against this package

Mock the module rather than the network. Two things catch people out:

1. HttpClient must be mocked with a function, not an arrow function — arrows are not constructible, so new HttpClient() throws.
2. Mock resolved values are HttpResponse shaped: Data, not data.

const http = vi.hoisted(() => ({
    instance: { Get: vi.fn(), Post: vi.fn(), Put: vi.fn(), Delete: vi.fn(), Request: vi.fn() },
    standalone: { HttpGet: vi.fn(), HttpPost: vi.fn() },
}));

vi.mock('@memberjunction/network-utils', () => ({
    HttpClient: vi.fn(function () { return http.instance; }),   // NOT () => http.instance
    HttpError: class HttpError extends Error {
        Status = 0;
        Data: unknown = undefined;
        Headers: Record<string, string> = {};
    },
    IsHttpError: vi.fn((e: unknown) => typeof e === 'object' && e !== null && 'Status' in e),
    ...http.standalone,
}));

// then, in a test:
http.instance.Get.mockResolvedValue({ Data: { id: 1 }, Headers: {}, Status: 200 });

To test the guard itself, mock node:dns so a hostname resolves wherever you need it to — see src/__tests__/SSRFGuard.test.ts for a working harness covering rebinding, IPv4-mapped IPv6, and fail-closed behavior.

API Reference

SSRF guard

Export	Signature	Purpose
SafeFetch	(url: string, init?: SafeFetchInit) => Promise<Response>	fetch with per-hop SSRF re-validation
AssertPublicUrl	(url: string) => Promise<URL>	Validate without fetching; throws SSRFError
IsBlockedIPAddress	(address: string) => boolean	Classify one IP literal; pure, no DNS
SSRFError	class extends Error	Thrown when a URL is blocked
SafeFetchInit	RequestInit & { MaxRedirects?: number }	SafeFetch options

HTTP client

Export	Signature	Purpose
HttpRequest	<T>(config: HttpRequestConfig) => Promise<HttpResponse<T>>	One request, full config
HttpGet / HttpDelete / HttpHead	<T>(url, config?) => Promise<HttpResponse<T>>	Method shorthands
HttpPost / HttpPut / HttpPatch	<T>(url, body?, config?) => Promise<HttpResponse<T>>	Method shorthands with a body
SafeHttpRequest	<T>(config) => Promise<HttpResponse<T>>	HttpRequest with ValidateUrl forced on
HttpClient	class	Configured client — replaces axios.create(...)
HttpError	class extends Error	Non-2xx, timeout, cancellation, or transport failure
IsHttpError	(e: unknown) => e is HttpError	Replaces isAxiosError
IsCancellationError	(e: unknown) => boolean	Replaces isCancel
BuildQueryString	(query: Record<string, HttpQueryValue>) => string	Query serialization

Types

HttpMethod, HttpResponseType, HttpQueryValue, HttpResponse<T>, HttpRequestConfig, HttpClientOptions.

Security Considerations

• Turn the guard on wherever the URL is caller-controlled. It is off by default for the reasons above; that default is a convenience for fixed endpoints, not a judgement that guarding is optional.
• Do not echo the blocked address back to the caller. SSRFError’s message is deliberately non-specific. Reporting which address a hostname resolved to turns the guard into an internal network scanner for whoever supplied the URL.
• Do not retry an SSRFError. It is a decision, not a transient fault. The client already excludes it from OnRetry.
• Denylists have an edge. This blocks the documented private and reserved ranges. If your threat model needs certainty rather than good coverage, use an allowlist of permitted hosts instead — and note the TOCTOU limitation above.
• The guard is not authorization. It prevents reaching private space; it does not decide whether this user may fetch that public resource.

Troubleshooting

SSRFError: URL resolves to a private or reserved address and was blocked The hostname resolved to something in a blocked range. On a developer machine this is usually intentional — localhost and Docker-internal hostnames are blocked by design. If the target is legitimately internal, it should not be going through the guard at all; use HttpRequest with ValidateUrl off.

SSRFError: Unable to resolve hostname '...' The guard fails closed: a name that will not resolve is rejected rather than handed to fetch. Check DNS and the spelling of the host.

Exceeded maximum of N redirects A redirect loop, or a chain longer than MaxRedirects (default 5). Raise it if the upstream genuinely needs more hops.

Request to ... timed out after 30000ms The default timeout elapsed. Raise Timeout, or pass 0 to disable it for a genuinely long-running call.

HttpClient is not a constructor in tests The mock used an arrow function. See Testing against this package.

A multipart upload is rejected by the upstream Check you are using the global FormData/Blob rather than the form-data npm package, and that you are not setting Content-Type by hand — doing so overwrites the boundary fetch generated.

Dependencies

None. This package depends on no MemberJunction package and no third-party package; it imports only node:dns and node:net from the Node standard library. That is a deliberate constraint — it is what lets the package sit at the bottom of the dependency graph and be safely consumed by anything server-side.

License

Business Source License 1.1 — see LICENSE for details.